Suitable weather conditions for the production of pistachios seedlings in the nursery

1- Height from sea level 900 to 1800 meters
2- The temperature during the growing season is 25 to 35 degrees Celsius
3- Humidity in the growing season is 25 to 45 percent

Suitable Water-soil conditions for nursery:

1- Sandy loam soil with a depth of at least one meter
2- E C soil less than 8 deci siemens per meter
3- E C of irrigation water less than 4000 micromos/cm
4- The ratio of calcium to magnesium in irrigation water is greater than one
5- Element (B) present in irrigation water is less than 1 mg per liter
6- The soil is free from soil diseases such as crown and pistachio root rot, root tuber nematode and verticillium
7- If there are soil-borne diseases in the area, appropriate distances should be observed to prevent their spread; otherwise, the distance should be observed only to prevent mechanical mixing.

Facilities required for pistachio nursery

1- Greenhouse with temperature, humidity and light control for seedling production and off-season transplanting
2- Equipment and tools used by the tribe: spade ,gardening shears, grafting knife, grafting glue, wheelbarrow, poison sprayer, etc.
3- Equipment needed for shading the production seedlings in the hot months of the year
4- Warehouse for placing equipment, fertilizer and poison
5-Room for workers to rest and change clothes

Appropriate workers in the nursery

1- An expert with at least a bachelor's degree in one of the fields of horticulture and plant production as a technical manager of the nursery.
2- Skilled workers (at least two people) in the field of planting and transplanting seedlings
3- Ordinary worker (at least two people) to prepare soil bed, plant and move seedlings.

Necessary conditions for preparing pistachio seeds

1- The source of the seeded trees should be clearly defined (seeds should be obtained from clearly defined trees)
2- Seeding should be done from equalized trees (grafted villages)
3- Choose healthy, large and opened mouth pistachios of the same year.
4- Pistachios should preferably be peeled by hand.
5-The pistachios are dried in the sun
6-The seeds should be stored in a dry and cool place until planting.

Necessary conditions for pistachio seed germination

Soaking the seeds in water for 24 to 48 hours
The water temperature should be around 25 degrees Celsius and it should be changed at least once a day.
The soaking time can be increased up to three days for the seeds of the closed mouth.
After washing again with water, it is disinfected with one of the fungicides Carboxin, Thiram or Benomyl at a ratio of 2.5 to 3 per thousand or with sodium chloride (bleaching liquid) 0.5% for 5 to 10 minutes.
On a limited level, sterilized seeds are placed in wet cloth bags at a temperature of 20 to 30 degrees Celsius.
You have to be careful that the seeds do not dry out. During the germination period, move the seeds inside the cloth every day so that more oxygen reaches them, and if a seed is crushed and black, remove it.
Germination usually starts three days later and ends up to two weeks at most.
Immediately after germination, disinfect the seeds again with PCNB or benomyl 4 per thousand fungicide and plant in the desired location.
It is recommended to conduct a test to determine seed vigor on a large scale.
If you are sure of their high nominal power (more than 80%), you can disinfect it immediately after soaking with PCNB or benomyl 4 per thousand fungicide and plant in the desired place, this is very effective to prevent the spread of moldy seeds.

Preparation of planting bed

For planting in pots or plastic bags, the soil mixture is two parts of sand, two parts of high-quality agricultural soil (loam) and one part of rotted animal manure or rotted leaf soil.
For planting in the treasury, the soil combination of three parts of high-quality agricultural soil (loam) and one part of rotted animal manure or rotted leaf soil is suitable

Pot standard

To prepare potted seedlings with a maximum age of 13 months, pots with a height of 40 cm and a diameter of 15 cm should be used.
In order to prepare potted seedlings with a maximum age of 24 months, pots with a height of 50 cm and a diameter of 15 cm should be used.

The proper method of planting pistachio seeds

Since when the seed germinates, the first part that comes out of the pistachio is the pistachio root, so the pistachio seed should be planted in such a way that the abdominal part of the seed is placed on the soil so that the root side is down and on the water with windy sand. 3 to 4 cm thickness should be covered

Suitable planting intervals in the treasury to prepare seedlings with soil around the roots

1- Seed planting distances between and on the lines are 20 cm.
2- The width of each piece of the treasury is 1.5 meters and the maximum length is 10 meters (for weed control and irrigation).
3- The distance between the parts is at least one meter (for the movement of workers to carry out agricultural operations)

Appropriate planting intervals in the treasury to prepare bare root seedlings

1- Seed planting distances on and between lines are 10 cm
2- The width of each piece of the treasury is 1.5 meters and the maximum length is 10 meters (for weed control and irrigation).
3- The distance between the parts is at least one meter (for the movement of workers to carry out agricultural operations)

Suitable planting intervals in the treasury to prepare transplanted seedlings

1- Seed planting distances between and on the lines are 30 cm
2- The width of each piece of the treasury is 1 meter and the maximum length is 10 meters (for transplanting and weed control and irrigation)
3- The distance between parts is at least one meter (for the movement of workers to carry out agricultural operations)

Potted seedling standard

1- Identifying the maternal parent
2- The health of the seedling is clear (being free from any diseases and pests)
3- Having a minimum height of 30 cm and a diameter of 0.5 to 1 cm above the collar
4- Having a single trunk
5- The health of the terminal bud (autumn and spring cold causes the terminal bud and part of the branch to die in the growing seedlings

Golpari seed seedling standard

1- Identifying the maternal parent
2- The health of the seedling is clear (being free from any diseases and pests)
3- Having a minimum height of 40 cm and a diameter of 1 to 1.5 cm at 5 cm above the collar
4- Having a minimum height and diameter of the soil around the root, respectively 50 to 15 cm
5- Having a single trunk
6-The health of the terminal bud (autumn and spring cold causes the destruction of the terminal bud and part of the branch in the growing seedlings)

Standard bare root seed seedling

1- Identifying the maternal parent
2- The health of the seedling is clear (being free from any diseases and pests)
3- having at least 50% of the root volume (root length at least 40 cm)
4- Having a single trunk
5- the health of the terminal bud (the cold of autumn and spring causes the terminal bud and part of the branch to die in the growing seedlings

Transplanted seedling standard

1- Specificity of the base and scion
2- The health of the seedling is clear (being free from any diseases and pests)
3- Having a minimum height of 50 cm and at least 10 cm of growth of the scion and a minimum diameter of 1 to 1.5 cm at 5 cm above the crown
4- Having a single trunk
5- The health of the terminal bud (autumn and spring cold causes the terminal and part of the branch to die in the growing seedlings

Prepare pistachio seedlings with the following characteristics

1- The stem and crown of the seedling should not be twisted.
2- The less the root protrudes from the seedling bag, the better.
3- The root of the seedling should not be crushed or rotted
4-If you can take the seedling from the stem and its roots do not come out of the soil, it is a good seedling.
5- The age of the seedling should not be more than one year, because the age of the seedling usually causes the twisting of the seedling.
6- The seedling should be free of tuber (nematode) in the root and stem.
7- The taller and wider the height and width of the seedling pot is, the more suitable it is.
8- The presence of drainage holes in the body and bottom of the seedling bag improves the quality of the seedling.

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